Glucose, a small uncharged molecule, can pass through the cell membrane, but sodium ions do not pass through the membrane easily. what is the most accurate explanation for these findings?

This is because the sodium ions are charged particles as opposed the the neutral uncharged glucose molecules. The cell membrane is selectively permeable. Which means that it only allows certain types of particles to move through its membrane. This is because the phospholipid bi-layer in the cell membrane restricts the movement of charged particles through them as their tails are hydrophobic (water hating). This restricts charged particles from moving through them but uncharged particles like glucose are unhindered.

4 because 4 is godly