What is this 19th-century practice is being depicted in this engraving?

Marcy tests a solution with a strip of blue litmus paper. the paper turns red. the solution is acidic basic neutral

When non-english-speaking children are initially taught in their native language, while at the same time learning english, this is called bilingualism bilingual education pragmatics metalinguistics?

As bob is driving on an exit off the freeway, he comes to a stop light and sees a homeless man asking people for spare change. “see, he’s a perfect example of why we shouldn’t be giving welfare benefits to the homeless,” bob mutters to his wife. “he’s too lazy to get a job, but he’s healthy enough to beg people for their hard-earned money all day long.” what are the sample and the target in bob’s argument? are there any inductive fallacies present in bob’s reasoning (bias, hastiness, appeal to anecdotal evidence, self-selection)? if so, explain why. if not, explain why not.