Aidan is a bright young man, who scored very high on both the critical reading and mathematics sections of the sat. he is an excellent map reader, and his reasoning abilities are fantastic. according to spearman, what is likely underlying these abilities

The answer is "general intelligence (g) factor".

General intelligence, otherwise called as g factor, alludes to the presence of a wide mental limit that impacts execution on subjective capacity measures. Charles Spearman first depicted the presence of general intelligence in 1904. As indicated by Spearman, this g factor was in charge of general execution on mental capacity tests. Spearman noticed that while individuals unquestionably could and regularly excelled in specific zones, individuals who did well in one zone tended additionally to do well in different regions. 
For instance, a man who does well on a verbal test would likely additionally do well on different tests.