This aspect of thinking is a mental shortcut designed to us make judgments and decisions when all the facts are not known:

Heuristic thinking is aspect of thinking that is a mental shortcut designed to help us make judgments and decisions when all the facts are not known .
It is an approach  to problem solving, learning, or discovery that simplifies decision making.  The technique used for problem solving is practical method. Maybe it does not guarantee to be optimal or perfect, but it is sufficient for the immediate goals.

The correct answer is