Government is the institution by which societies a. fight wars of inquisition. b. penalize those who do not agree with the majority. c. establish and enforce laws. d. dictate social etiquette.

The best and correct answer is this one:
C. establish and enforce laws.

The establishing laws is done by the legislative branch, and the enforcing by the executive, and any conflicts are resolved by the judicial branch. The other options are examples of government abusing its power.

3. i would say one, but one is not prime nor composite.

Urban growth invariably feeds increased commercialization and industrialization. it requires continually expanding land areas. when urbanization rates are high, and countries do not have the institutional and managerial capacities or economic wherewithal to manage such rapid growths, they exert intense pressure on the types and nature of the resulting settlements. they contribute to the development of overcrowded slums and shanty towns without adequate essential services and necessary infrastructure.-by asit k. biswas and cecilia tortajada