What reform to voting procedures followed the panic of 1819? a. conventions to nominate candidates were no longer public. b. there were fewer polling places, and they closed earlier. c. electors were decided by the popular vote of citizens. d. members of congress began to choose the electoral college.

C. Electors were decided by the popular vote of citizens.

The Panic of 1819 was a financial crisis in the United States. This year, the post-War economic expansion that had followed the War of 1812 ended, as banks all across the country failed. The whole country was affected, and prosperity did not return until 1824. The Panic brought attention to the issues of debt-relief, as well as poor relief, and legislation was passed to ensure that the poor people's needs were better addressed.

manifest functions are the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern, while latent functions are those unrecognized and unintended consequences. to analyze the manifest functions of any social institution, we have to study its contribution to the continuation of a group, community, or society.