Sally has a dog at home so she knows about dogs. she is walking down the street and sees an animal walking toward her. the animal has four legs, fur and a tail. sally knows that these are characteristics of dogs. but the animal coming toward her is meowing, not barking. sally's mom tells her that the animal is a cat. now when sally sees an animal with four legs, a tail and fur she will conclude it is a dog if it barks and a cat if it meows, illustrating