Jim as a sociologist is focused on how the absence of work values is a cause of poverty for a population. he is using the argument.

In this case, Jim is using the culture of poverty Argument.
culture of poverty Argument refers to the concept of thought which viewed property is resulted from culture rather than existance of resource.
For example, Asian culture imposed a really discipline for all their children. So on average, asian household tend to had higher than average income no matter which country they live in.

There is lots of evidence

It could be anything, recent improvements in technology/telecommunication/internet have increased the pace of globalization.generally, it has something to do with technology. globalization means that people around the world are brought together through technology which speeds things up. so maybe some of those options could be correct. : )