Trait theorists assert that people differ according to the degree to which they possess

the old way of life was represented by superstition, an angry god, and absolute submission to authority. the thinkers of the age of reason ushered in a new way of thinking. this new way championed the accomplishments of humankind. individuals did not have to accept despair. science and reason could bring happiness and progress. kings did not rule by divine right. they had an obligation to their subjects. europeans pondered the implications for nearly a century. americans put them into practice first.

imperial crisis leads to civil war.

roman forces withdraw from britain as goths attack rome.

odoacer topples romulus augustus

huns attack the empire and drive german peoples ahead of them.