What responsibility is given to the caliph in the first duty

How was japans development influenced by its landforms, its climate, and its proximity to china and korea?

The internet is controlled by: (select one): a. statutes and court cases in federal and state courts in the united states. b. the advanced research projects agency (arpa) and the u. s. department of defense. c. no single government or organization. d. google, yahoo, and the other search engines which have proprietary interest in the content thereon.

Imagine you are driving down the highway and reading a sign that states save the planet don't litter which technique of policy enactment is being used