What were some of the ways that the voucher system of privatization of public property was abused in the change from communism to capitalist societies?

The voucher system of privatization of public property was abused by vouchers were only given to the inhabitants of a nation or these were sold at very low values. As vouchers were swapped for official document of ownership of state-owned enterprises were reassigned to private hands.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

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