Read the excerpt from sojourner truth’s “an account of an experience with discrimination.” truth’s was to inform readers about a distressing experience and move them to put a stop to injustice. from “an account of an experience with discrimination” by sojourner truth i was in company with another friend, laura s. haviland of michigan. as i ascended the platform of the car, the conductor pushed me, saying “go back—get off here.” i told him i was not going off, then “i’ll put you off” said he furiously, clenching my right arm with both hands, using such violence that he seemed about to succeed, when mrs. haviland told him he was not going to put me off. “does she belong to you? ” said he in a hurried angry tone. she replied, “she does not belong to me, but she belongs to humanity.” specific purpose perspective general purpose tone description

the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)

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