Hamilton and Sherman (1996) have found that when Caucasians are asked to estimate the arrest rates of African-Americans, their estimates are generally too high. African Americans are less numerous than Caucasians, and being arrested is a rare event. Therefore, African Americans being arrested is a doubly distinctive event which might capture our attention and disproportionately influence our judgments, causing us to believe the relationship between being African-American and being arrested as much higher than it actually is. This would be an example of prejudice due to: illusory correlations. the just world phenomenon. scapegoat theory. conformity.