Joe is a web content writer. He gets paid $100 for every five articles he publishes. In this scenario, Joe's payment is based on the of reinforcement.

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.

answer; they are called (pebbling);