It is important to formulate operational definitions for study variables because it: allows researchers to determine cause and effect. makes it possible to objectively measure change. reduces the risk of confirmation bias. prevents the testing effect from skewing the data.

When paul realizes no one is coming to the rwandan refugees, he tells them there is only one way for them to get . what is it?

Voters commonly condemn politicians for being insincere, but politicians often must disguise their true feelings when they make public statements. if they expressed their honest views—about, say, their party's policies—then achieving politically necessary compromises would be much more difficult. clearly, the very insincerity that people decry shows that our government is functioning well. which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines this reasoning? (a) achieving political compromises is not all that is necessary for the proper functioning of a government. (b) some political compromises are not in the best long-term interest of the government. (c) voters often judge politicians by criteria other than the sincerity with which they express their views. (d) a political party's policies could turn out to be detrimental to the functioning of a government. (e) some of the public statements made by politicians about their party's policies could in fact be sincere.

The graphic organizer includes facts about germany and japan. a student created this organizer for a document-based essay on the expansion of totalitarian states. which fact could be added to column a? results of german elections in the 1930s employment statistics in nazi germany germany’s invasions of poland and france a list of domestic laws passed in germany