The longnose butterfly fish has a dark spot near its tail that looks like an eye. This eyespot causes other organisms to think the fish's tail is actually its head. Why does the longnose butterfly fish have an advantage over other fish for survival?

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

sir frederic attributed inaccuracies to schemas. memory reconstruction is one part actual events and one part personal schema, which can result in inaccuracies when memories are reconstructed.

answer; the government can clearly justify the restriction;

answer; independent variable;