What is the function of the necessary and proper clause of the Constitution

Which of the following was not a part of the armistice between germany and the allies? a. germany had to agree to the terms of the treaty of brest-litovsk. b. germany had to surrender its entire submarine fleet to the allies. c. kaiser wilhelm ii had to give his throne. d. all german troops had to be withdrawn from the western front.

Chris, a master at office gossip and innuendo, says, "we know we have a corporate spy someplace in the organization, probably on the management team itself. there is no evidence that it is audrey. in fact, she's too clean, if you know what i mean. somebody should fire audrey; she's got to be the spy." by making this argument chris is actually engaging in (a) an appeal to emotion fallacy (b) a straw man fallacy (c) an appeal to ignorance fallacy (d) circular reasoning (e) an appeal to the mob fallacy

Choose the correct citation for the case which established the “minimum contacts” test for a court’s jurisdiction in a case. select one: a. brown v. board of education of topeka, 347 u. s. 483 (1954). b. international shoe co. v. washington, 326 u. s. 310 (1945) c. haynes v. gore, 531 u. s. 98 (2000). d. international shoe co. v. washington, 14 u. s. code 336. q