how does our national Government use the comcepts of federalism and checks and balances to become more efficient and fair

The dictionary definiton of a word reflects the of that word?

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. which of the following possible court cases could legitimately be argued under the terms of the quote above? a person says that bail for a suspect in a serious federal crime is too low. a person claims that charging court fees is an unconstitutional policy. a person complains that a sentence is too long for the crime. a person argues that jails and prisons are inhumane.

What rules did the monroe doctrine set for the united states?