paraphrasing (approximation, circumlocution, and word coinage); 2. borrowing (literal translation and language-switching); 3. appealing for assistance; 4. avoidance (topic avoidance and message abandonment). This categorization differs from Tarone’s original taxonomy, in that the latter included the subcategory of borrowing/conscious transfer, which in

What was piaget's explanation as to why preschool-age children in the preoperational stage make errors on tasks requiring conservation? a) preschool children's tendency toward centration prevents them from focusing on other relevant features of a situation b) preschool children have not yet developed numerical understanding; therefore, different amounts are meaningless c) preschool children's neural-visual network is not fully matured d) preschool children have not lived long enough and accrued enough experience to know the difference between quantities

How did trade contribute to the spread of the plague in the 1300s? trading vessels from the americas brought the plague to london, where it spread across europe. trading caravans from mongolia brought the plague to rome, where it spread across europe. trading caravans from russia brought the plague to barcelona, where it spread across europe. trading vessels from china brought the plague to sicily, where it spread across europe.

Even though connor felt strongly about his position on the matter, he included all opposing views in his presentation because he knew his audience consisted of people who felt differently than he did. connor is demonstrating the idea of being