Informal communication consists of all of the following EXCEPT Select one: a. the grapevine. b. emergent networks. c. natural social interactions. d. downward communication.

downward communication

Explanation:

Informal Communication refers to the unofficial and casual form of communication where there's exchange of information between people without conforming the chain of command.

It is regarded as the casual communication that takes place between the coworkers in the workplace. Informal communication include the grapevine, emergent networks and natural social interactions.

It should be noted that downward communication isn't an informal communication. Downward communication involves the flow of information in an organization from the higher level to the lower level. It's a formal communication.

is there a answer choice?

giant impact theory - the moon was formed from the collision between earth and another mars-sized body.

colliding planetesimals hypothesis - the moon was formed from the same cloud of material as earth.

capture hypothesis - the moon was locked into orbit by earths gravity as it was passing by it.

accretion hypothesis - the moon was formed from collisions and combining of planetesimals.

i think this is right, if not and you know better let me know.