Based on what you've learned here about the Barnum effect and common biases found in research, which of the following is likely a limitation of studies or demos like this that involve surveys and self-reporting? a. People don't always tell the truth or tend to exaggerate or downplay aspects of their lives.
b. People often tell researchers what they think these authority figures want to hear, based on their assumptions about the study in which they're participating
c. Subjects are not randomly chosen and assigned to groups (as in more formal and rigorous Setups), but instead choose to participate in the activity, which is called self-selection bias
d. All of the choices given are legitimate concerns involving studies or demonstrations that rely heavily on surveys for their data and results.

D. All of the choices given are legitimate concerns involving studies or demonstrations that rely heavily on surveys for their data and results.

Explanation:

Barnum Effect, is also known as the Forer Effect, and it occurs when people believe that the information given in a personality description is applicable to them even though such description is applicable to everyone. This occurs as a result of the tendency of the brain to attach to attach personal meaning for general statements.

Some biases in research include the fact that people don't always tell the truth, also they tend to tell researchers what they believe that they want to hear and subjects are not randomly chosen and assigned to groups.

Therefore, the correct option is D as all the options given is correct.

i disagree that there is little difference between adult female development and adult male development. sociological studies comparing female and male pathways to adulthood, revelead that there are sustancial differences between them. particularly, female and male differ from timing of marriage, when they began to live with children and the likelihood of combining wife/husband and parent roles.