Mariam has had hardly any contact with snakes, and she can't even go to the zoo because of her phobia. According to the two-process theory of avoidance (described in Chapter 9), which of the following maintains Mariam's feara. positive pulment when wround make b. negative reinforcement for rolding makes c. negative punishment for thinking about d. positive reinforcement for escaping from sales

b. negative reinforcement for rolding makes

Explanation:

In the field of psychology, the two process theory or the two way theory states that how two thoughts can emerge in two different situations.

The two factor theory of avoidance states that the avoidance mainly involves :

In the context, Mariam who hardly have any contact with snakes, cannot go the zoo because of her fear for the snake bite. Thus, Mariam is having negative reinforcement that is preventing her to visit zoo because of her phobia.

Correct option is (b).

in 342 bc j._c. egypt fell into the hands of the persians, under the reign of nectanebo ii

greek city-states unite in a revolt against the persian empire at the beginning of the fifth century bc. j.-c  

from the year 660 or 659 bc ad, cyrus preached the revolt against the medes to deliver the persians.

question - in 1827, john walker, a druggist in a small english town, tipped a splint with sulphur, chlorate of potash, and sulphid of antimony, and rubbed it on sandpaper, and it burst into flame. the druggist had discovered the first friction-chemical match, the kind we use to-day. it is called friction-chemical because it is made by mixing certain chemicals together and rubbing them. although walker's match did not require the bottle of acid, nevertheless it was not a good one. it could be lighted only by hard rubbing, and it sputtered and threw fire in all directions. in a few years, however, phosphorus was substituted on the tip for antimony, and the change worked wonders. the match could now be lighted with very little rubbing, and it was no longer necessary to have sandpaper upon which to rub it. it would ignite when rubbed on any dry surface, and there was no longer any sputtering. this was the phosphorus match, the match with which we are so familiar. according the paragraph what was the benefit of the new phosphorus match? it burst into flame when rubbed on sandpaper. it was made by mixing chemicals. it could be ignited on any dry surface. it threw fire in all directions.

answer - matches required natural chemicals