What is the independent variable in this problem?

Why do governments supply public goods and services instead of selling them to those people who use them

Me what confession does hester make to dimmesdale while in the forest in chapter 17 of the scarlet letter ?

The procedures for reporting potential unanticipated problems involving risk to subjects or others to the irb are: stated in the human subject protection regulations, but not in the drug or device regulationsincluded in the consent processdetermined by research staffdetermined by the institution in its written policies and procedures