Blaming the victim is the tendency: a. in individualistic cultures, to explain the behavior of other people by attributing their behavior to internal, personal characteristics. b. to blame an innocent victim of misfortune for having somehow caused the problem or for not having taken steps to avoid or prevent it. c. to overestimate one's ability to have foreseen or predicted the outcome of an event after it has occurred. d. in collectivistic cultures to blame oneself for one's failures, while downplaying one's successes.