Read this information from Hakim's biographical essay about Joan of Arc. Joan of Arc was born in 1412 in the village of Domrémy in the French territory of Bar.

In which paragraph of Hakim's essay does this information belong?

first paragraph: introduction
second paragraph: background
third paragraph: impact
fourth paragraph: conclusion

Many scholars and observers have argued that the ratification of the fourteenth amendment to the constitution has become the single most important act in all of united states politics. (a) identify which provision of the fourteenth amendment was applied to the following supreme court cases. for each case, explain the significance of the decision in united states politics. ' mapp v. ohio (1961) ' gideon v. wainwright (1963) (b) identify which provision of the fourteenth amendment was applied to the following supreme court cases. for each case, explain the significance of the decision in united states politics. ' brown v. board of education (1954) ' baker v. carr (1962) ' regents of the university of california v. bakke (1978)