Why has the indian government had problems reducing air pollution?

Air pollution in India is quite a serious issue with the major sources being fuelwood and biomass burning, fuel adulteration, vehicle emission and traffic congestion.[1] In autumn and winter months, large scale crop residue burning in agriculture fields – a low cost alternative to mechanical tilling – is a major source of smoke, smog and particulate pollution.[2][3][4] India has a low per capita emissions of greenhouse gases but the country as a whole is the third largest after China and the United States.[5] A 2013 study on non-smokers has found that Indians have 30% lower lung function compared to Europeans.[6]

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed in 1981 to regulate air pollution and there have been some measurable improvements. However, the 2016 Environmental Performance Indexranked India 141 out of 180 countries.[7]

Ithink the answer is d. the lower appellate and trial courts in the state.