Dividing electoral districts to limit the voting strength of a particular group is known as

What is the role of institutions in society - do they perform positive functions, or simply work in the interests of the powerful and against the powerless? (a related question here is why do our life chances vary by class, gender and ethnicity)

What are the unique drivers of behavior that are a result of language and culture?

What are the relation of community dynamics and community action to applied social sciences?