While deciding on legislation for a social infrastructure project, a member of congress considers opinions from members of his own constituency, while overriding opinions that come from external sources. he garners mileage by consistently working toward securing federal funding for his constituency’s developmental projects. what would outsiders likely call this scenario?

The scenario is called the pork-barrel spending. Pork barrel is an illustration for the allotment of government spending for confined tasks secured exclusively or essentially to convey cash to an agent's locale. The use started in American English. In decision battles, the term is utilized as a part of a censorious form to assault rivals. 
The term pork barrel legislative issues, as a rule, alludes to spending which is proposed to profit constituents of a government official as an end-result of their political help, either as crusade commitments or votes. In the mainstream 1863 story "The Children of the Public", Edward Everett Hale utilized the term pork barrel as a simple analogy for any type of open spending to the citizenry

Everyone’s hair grows differently.

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.