According to developmentalists, what lies at the heart of moral behavior? freud's "superego" cognitive ability social skills development empathy

The answer is Empathy.  

Empathy is an emotional process that increases our prosocial behaviors. It is considered as the root of all our good deeds, especially to others. We place ourselves to other people's shoes and feel what they are feeling. Our emotional response of understanding other people's feelings and conditions lies at the heart of moral behavior.

Urban growth invariably feeds increased commercialization and industrialization. it requires continually expanding land areas. when urbanization rates are high, and countries do not have the institutional and managerial capacities or economic wherewithal to manage such rapid growths, they exert intense pressure on the types and nature of the resulting settlements. they contribute to the development of overcrowded slums and shanty towns without adequate essential services and necessary infrastructure.-by asit k. biswas and cecilia tortajada