The most efficient way to ensure that producers are responsible for products is

a. preferred stock allows shareholders to vote for a board of directors, while shareholders of common stock do not have voting rights.

b. common stock gives shareholders one vote per share owned, while shareholders of preferred stock do not have voting rights.

c. preferred stock gives shareholders priority for dividends distributed, while shareholders of common stock are not allowed dividends.

d. common stock allows shareholders to get priority for dividends distributed, while shareholders of preferred stock are not allowed dividends

b. Common stock gives shareholders one vote per share owned, while shareholders of preferred stock do not have voting rights.

Explanation:

Both, preferred and common stock constitute a piece of ownership in a company. However, there are differences between preferred and common stock. One of the differences is that preferred does not have voting rights. Preferred shareholders have no voice in electing the board of directors, company policies or the future of the company. In the other hand preferred stockholders have a bigger claim to a company's dividends which are usually higher than those issued for common stock.  

Common stock holders get to vote on corporate issues, such as electing new directors to the corporation's board and can make a profit through rising share prices and dividend payments. However, should the company files for bankruptcy, holders of common stock are last on the list to get their money back after regular creditors and holders of preferred stock. If you hold common stock and the company goes bust, you are unlikely to get any of your capital back.

To ensure producers are responsible for products is through common stockholders who have a saying in the company's production policies.

trade regulation is a field of law, often bracketed with antitrust (as in the phrase “antitrust and trade regulation law”), including government regulation of unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive business acts or practices. antitrust law is often considered a subset of trade regulation law. franchise and distribution law, consumer protection law, and advertising law are sometimes considered parts of trade regulation law.

in general the theory of economics says that the more open to trade a country is the better   the result for the same country and the whole economies.

in real life countries impose taxes, quotas, etc which is not so good for the economies.

this kind of commercial war between the usa and china is slowing down the growth of the whole world so we can say that it is a draw back of trade regulations. and the free trade agreements are benefits of trade regulations.

b) the bill goes to the president.

hope this