When the removal of a negative stimulus results in an increase in behavior, has occurred?

the answer your looking for is c. : )

even though you have attached neither the chart nor the generalizations, i have located them online. the right answer is d, since they are asking you about a generalization. you can only infer from the chart that between 2008 and 2009 the number of employed workers decreased significantly (from over 115 millions to 107 millions approximately), which signals some type of economic crisis.  

answer; can each be concretely realized in different ways;

answer; goals and feedback are present;