Members of opec
a. only allow one new member per year
b. share oil only amongst other opec members
c. hold over half of the world's oil
d. hold about 40% of the world's oil

  D. Hold about 40% of the world´s oil

Explanation:

  OPEC is the acronym for Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. It is an intergovernmental organization of 14 countries founded in 1960. These nations had approximately 44% of the global oil production and 81.5% of the world´s estimated oil reserves. The OPEC had a major influence on oil prices.

  I hope this answer helps you.  

there is an explationation of this on a site called crash   course world history 1

new communications technology has affected the way social movements are organized because nowadays, social movements rely on social networks and the media to get different people with a similar way of thinking in contact, and thus, get them to mobilize for a greater cause.

individuals only participate in collective action when they feel identified with it. is in this aspect that social media becomes relevant, because it guarantees communication among all individuals and organizes the social actions that are going to be carried out, i.e., the social movements.

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in conclusion, it is by social networks and social media that social movement is given birth; by connecting different individuals with similar ideas and organizing them to mobilize for a greater cause.