Many early political structures were governed by

Many early political structures were governed by hereditary and patriarchal rulers.  This was actual the main problem that were faced by the people during the early years. The rulers were never chosen on merit and hence some of the civilizations lost the glory that their previous generations created. Due to this fact the United States of America slowly moved away from this strategy and went for the merit based selection. 

3or 4 because it can’t be 1 or 2 because citizens who followed the renaissance were challenged the idea of religion and government

There’s no map so we can’t you