Use the terms separation of powers and checks and balances to describe how the u. s. constitution set up the three branches of the federal government.

The Constitution limits the power of the national government by two methods, Federalism and Separation of Power. Federalism limits the power of the Federal Government by splitting powers to the National Government and the states, while some powers are shared among both. Separation of Powers limits the power of the government by dividing those powers to all three branches of government to make it more stable. The separation of powers was put into place so the federal government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of any power. Federalism was included in the U.S. Constitution to show how both the government and the state’s share equal power as well as share the same powers. The Constitution helps with limiting the powers of both the national government and the states to create a stable nation.

the 2nd option is the answer

the secretary of state, appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the senate, is the president's chief foreign affairs adviser. the secretary carries out the president's foreign policies through the state department and the foreign service of the united states.