The period when output and living standards decline is referred to as:

mali had been a state inside of the ghanaian empire. after ghana fell because of invading forces and internal disputes, mali rose to greatness under the leadership of a legendary king named sundiata, the "lion king." the songhai empire, already weakened by internal political struggles, went into decline.

you should think about the answers you give and expect the same form your questions.

a.. a conflict between her competing identities.. apex