Explain two muslim attitudes towards punishment

Which sentences describes a cycle of dependency? a. aid harms the local economy creating the need for more aid. b. aid improves infrastructure and creates more wealth and more good infrastructure. c. aid programs become more reliable over time so people can depend on them. d. no answer is correct

Are people more motivated to change from positive or negative experiences, like slavery, womens rights, and any other historical movements/moments? i need more factual information than opinions.

How would you summarize john hay's first request in the first open door note?