Sparta differed from Athens with regard to trade in that (1 point) a
Sparta isolated itself and did not trade or share ideas with other civilizations

b
Sparta isolated itself but encouraged traders to visit and to share new ideas

c
Sparta relied on trading partners in the Mediterranean while Athens traded with China

d
Sparta sent merchants to trade with other city-states while Athens traded with Phoenicia

Question 12 (1 point)
(04.03 MC)
Why did the Greeks import grains from other places? (1 point)

a
Their geography made it difficult to grow enough crops to support themselves.

b
They could only grow wheat and needed a source of barley.

c
They wanted to have extra supplies in case of a natural disaster.

d
They wanted to establish trade relationships with other places.

Question 13 (1 point)
(04.03 MC)
Ancient Greek civilization occupied parts of which of the following regions? (1 point)

a
southwestern Europe and southeastern Asia

b
southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia

c
southern Europe and eastern Asia

d
northeastern Africa and southwestern Asia

Question 14 (1 point)
(04.03 MC)
What present-day countries would have made up ancient Greek civilization? (1 point)

a
Europe and Africa

b
Athens and Sparta

c
Greece and Turkey

d
Greece and Italy

Question 15 (1 point)
(04.03 HC)
Which of the following represents a contrast between the government of Sparta and that of Athens? (1 point)

a
Spartan government was made up of two kings and a group of advisers; Athenian government was a limited, direct democracy.

b
Sparta was headed by a supreme monarch; Athenian government was a direct democracy.

c
Sparta was ruled by a military dictator; Athenian government was a democratic republic.

d
Spartan government was led by an aristocracy; Athenian government was a constitutional monarchy.

Question 16 (1 point)
(04.03 LC)
Which of the following ancient Greek contributions is still used today by some doctors? (1 point)

a
Hippocratic oath

b
Hellenism

c
Pythagorean theorem

d
Heliocentric theory

Question 17 (1 point)
(04.04 MC)
How did the geographic location of ancient Greece influence its political structure? (1 point)

a
The mountains, hills, and seas separated the Greek city-states and enabled them to set up a diverse political structure.

b
The rocky plains, valleys, and seas united the Greek city-states and enabled them to create a uniform political structure.

c
The plateaus, plains, and rivers separated the Greek city-states so forming a unified political structure was important.

d
The deserts, hills, and rivers encouraged the Greek city-states to set up a more stable political structure.

Question 18 (1 point)
(04.04 MC)
Which of the following statements accurately describes the effect of geography on Greek economics, politics, and culture? (1 point)

a
Greek city-states made their own economic, political, and cultural decisions.

b
Greek city-states made their own economic and political decisions but shared a common culture.

c
Greek city-states had similar economies, cultures, and political structures.

d
Greek city-states had diverse political structures and cultures but made economic decisions together.

Question 19 (1 point)
(04.04 MC)
The Delian League made which of the following more powerful, especially after the Persian War? (1 point)

a
Sparta

b
Athens

c
Persia

d
Thermopylae

Question 20 (1 point)
(04.04 MC)
Which of the following led to the Peloponnesian War? (1 point)

a
Athens' refusal to invite Sparta into the Delian League

b
Athens' disloyalty to the Delian League

c
Sparta turning other city-states against Athens

d
Sparta's refusal to invite Athens into the Peloponnesian League

among the numerous advantages promised by a well constructed union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction. the friend of popular governments never finds himself so much alarmed for their character and fate, as when he contemplates their propensity to this dangerous vice. he will not fail, therefore, to set a due value on any plan which, without violating the principles to which he is attached, provides a proper cure for it. the instability, injustice, and confusion introduced into the public councils, have, in truth, been the mortal diseases under which popular governments have everywhere perished; as they continue to be the favorite and fruitful topics from which the adversaries to liberty derive their most specious declamations. the valuable improvements made by the american constitutions on the popular models, both ancient and modern, cannot certainly be too much admired; but it would be an unwarrantable partiality, to contend that they have as effectually obviated the danger on this side, as was wished and expected. complaints are everywhere heard from our most considerate and virtuous citizens, equally the friends of public and private faith, and of public and personal liberty, that our governments are too unstable, that the public good is disregarded in the conflicts of rival parties, and that measures are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majority. however anxiously we may wish that these complaints had no foundation, the evidence, of known facts will not permit us to deny that they are in some degree true. it will be found, indeed, on a candid review of our situation, that some of the distresses under which we labor have been erroneously charged on the operation of our governments; but it will be found, at the same time, that other causes will not alone account for many of our heaviest misfortunes; and, particularly, for that prevailing and increasing distrust of public engagements, and alarm for private rights, which are echoed from one end of the continent to the other. these must be chiefly, if not wholly, effects of the unsteadiness and injustice with which a factious spirit has tainted our public administrations.

explanation: the latent causes of faction are thus sown in the nature of man; and we see them everywhere brought into different degrees of activity, according to the different circumstances of civil society. a zeal for different opinions concerning religion, concerning government, and many other points, as well of speculation as of practice; an attachment to different leaders ambitiously contending for pre-eminence and power; or to persons of other descriptions whose fortunes have been interesting to the human passions, have, in turn, divided mankind into parties, inflamed them with mutual animosity, and rendered them much more disposed to vex and oppress each other than to co-operate for their common good. so strong is this propensity of mankind to fall into mutual animosities, that where no substantial occasion presents itself, the most frivolous and fanciful distinctions have been sufficient to kindle their unfriendly passions and excite their most violent conflicts. but the most common and durable source of factions has been the various and unequal distribution of property. those who hold and those who are without property have ever formed distinct interests in society. those who are creditors, and those who are debtors, fall under a like discrimination. a landed interest, a manufacturing interest, a mercantile interest, a moneyed interest, with many lesser interests, grow up of necessity in civilized nations, and divide them into different classes, actuated by different sentiments and views. the regulation of these various and interfering interests forms the principal task of modern legislation, and involves the spirit of party and faction in the necessary and ordinary operations of the governmen

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.