The most significant difference between athens and sparta was that

athens worshipped many gods, while sparta worshipped one.
athens had a strong army, while sparta had a strong navy.
athens focused on citizenship, while sparta focused on the military.
athens gave women no rights, while sparta allowed them in the military.

The correct answer is Athens focused on citizenship, while Sparta focused on the military.

Athena was considered a more intellectual society than Sparta. This is due to their focus on academics and democratic ideas. In Athens, they used a system of direct democracy. This is a political system in which citizens get to directly vote on laws that would be implemented in their society.

However, in Sparta, they focused on developing a military state. This state revolved around training young boys/men (sometimes as young as 6) into being warriors. The goal of this type of militaristic state was to create a society that is strong enough to defeat any enemy they may encounter.