For much of the Middle Ages, both popes and kings claimed the authority to appoint high church officials. In 1076, Pope Gregory VII ordered kings and princes not to appoint any church officials. Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV defied this order, and Pope Gregory VII excommunicated him and also removed him from his throne. How was the incident described above resolved?

Why would business leaders favor laissez faire capitalism and social darwinism

Did egypt invent wheels or sailboats

After graduating from college with a degree in education, matt found a teaching jobin saudi arabia. he figured that a teaching job in the middle east would be the same as a teaching job in the united states. while there were similarities between american and saudi schools, matt was unprepared for the differences between the two cultures. on the first day, a number of his students arrived later than the class's designated 10 a. m. starting time. later, during a break, he noted that his students seemed to stand closely to each other and to him when they spoke. after class, a confused matt asked the american director of the teaching program about these observations. that's why it's always important to do your homework! the director responded with a laugh. what is the possible explanation that director could gave him?