Athens and sparta were both
a. countries
b. city-states
c. monarchies
d. empires

B. city-states

Ancient Greece was dominated by independent towns called city-states. One reason for this development is its geography. The country has mountainous terrain, many isolated valleys and islands. This meant that many local centers developed, rather than a powerful capital.

Greek aristocracy also prevented the concentration of power in a monarchy. They favoured the political independence of their cities. Therefore, individual rulers were considered "tyrants" and did not last long.

Finally, the presence of the Mediterranean sea, which is easily navigable, encouraged them to spread out, and establish different colonies in times of crisis and overpopulation. These new colonies acknowledge their common background but operated independently from each other.

the aksumite empire was an ancient kingdom located in what is now northern ethiopia from the period of 100 ad to 940 ad. its capital was the city of aksum. the kingdom established itself as one of the 4 great powers at its time, along with persia, rome, and china.

the kingdom was rich in goods like gold, iron, and salt. it established strong commercial ties with the regions governed by rome, egypt, and persia (arabia). aksum was a key location in this commercial network. trade was also facilitated with the introduction of the aksumite currency.

united states government;