The results of Zimbardo's Stanford prison simulation indicated that Select one: a. prison brutality is a product of the unique traits of prisoners and guards. b. playing the roles of prisoners and guards can harden and embitter ordinary people. c. authoritarianism is a primary cause of prejudice and aggression. d. crowding is a primary cause of prison violence.

b. playing the roles of prisoners and guards can harden and embitter ordinary people.

Explanation:

Philip Zimbardo is an famous American psychologist who had worked on his famous experiment on Stanford prison experiment in the year 1971. It was a psychology social experiment which was attempted in order to investigate the psychological effects of the perceived power and focusing the struggle between the prisoners and the prison officers.

This experiment showed the powerful role that such a situation can play in the human behavior. It is for the reason that the guards were in a position of power, they slowly began to behave and act in a way that they would not usually act in their normal lives or at some other situations.

Thus the results of the experiment indicated that playing the position of the guards and he prisoners can sometime harden  as well as embitter the ordinary people.

in an absolute  monarchy, the  monarchrules as an autocrat, with absolutepower  over the state and government — for example, the right to rule by decree, promulgate laws, and impose punishments. the  monarch isnominally sovereign but the electorate, through their legislature, exercise political sovereignty.