Which of the following people was excommunicated from the Church? * Pope Gregory VII
Thomas Aquinas
Emperor Henry IV
Francis of Assisi

its a hope it good luck

stewards ice box was the purchase of alaska from russia and it was called that because people thought it was not a good idea to purchase alaska

barack obama

i love this guy

for many centuries there were important factors which the economies of the muslim empires developed increasingly. they applied economic procedures in production, investment, finance, taxation and property. they used to tax certain goods (for example: harvest), they charged interest on money lent, they signed contracts with merchants; they relied on a common currency, and they used checks as well as promissory notes. with the money collected by means of taxation, the government provided the needy with an income. in addition, trading networks covered huge distances, so far regions started to have contact and exchange goods. this trade network covered areas of asia, africa and europe.