How did the Catholic Church try to keep their members during the Protestant Reformation?

Which event was one of the greatest factors that led to massive emigration from ireland to the united states in the mid-1800s? a) world war i b) the civil war c) the irish potato famine d) colonization of the new world plz fastest and right answer gets 94 !

Which statement about mound builder works is true? earthen mounds were created for children to play on. bowls shaped like animals were made of stone. portraits were made of solid gold and painted with bright colors

The defendant, angered because a rival gang member had twice beaten him up after school, obtained a heavy lead pipe and waited in a deserted alleyway which he knew the rival took as a route home every day after school. when his enemy came walking down the alley, the defendant leapt out behind him and smashed the pipe into the victim's head, knocking him to the ground. the defendant then rolled the victim over and pounded his face with 15 to 20 heavy blows with the lead pipe, killing him. the jurisdiction defines first degree murder as murder committed with premeditation and deliberation. all other murders are defined as second degree murders. why will the defendant be convicted of first degree murder (as opposed to second degree murder)?