Em um seminário, determina-se uma leitura de um texto básico para todos os participantes. Também se entrega ,aos participantes algumas questões para serem respondida após a leituras e estudo do texto básico

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

The correct answer is "  it was believed that the dispute emerged in 632 just after the death of the prophet muhammad."