One reason italy and germany were not major colonial powers in the 16th and 17th centuries was that they

Gif the public and community loses trust in banks it affects the entire u. s. financial system. in order to keep this type of financial contagion from happening, the fed makes as needed short-term emergency loans, by acting as the lender of last resort. guides and regulates private deposit insurance programs to cover insolvent bank losses. decreases the money supply as acting lender of last resort.