What caused division among Muslims in the 600s? fights over important trade routes into Asia
disagreement over who should succeed Muhammad
fights over religious territory on the Arabian Peninsula
disagreement over the correct interpretation of the Qur’an

In your opinion, howell does the constitution strike a balance of authority among the three branches of government? explain your view using examples from recent and current events.

When a third party injects him or herself into an existing dispute between a plaintiff and defendant?

The authors of the paper "fudging the numbers: distributing chocolate influences student evaluations of an undergraduate course"† carried out a study to see if events unrelated to an undergraduate course could affect student evaluations. students enrolled in statistics courses taught by the same instructor participated in the study. all students attended the same lectures and one of six discussion sections that met once a week. at the end of the course, the researchers chose three of the discussion sections to be the "chocolate group." students in these three sections were offered chocolate prior to having them fill out course evaluations. students in the other three sections were not offered chocolate. the researchers concluded that "overall, students offered chocolate gave more positive evaluations than students not offered chocolate." indicate whether the study is an observational study or an experiment. give a brief explanation for your choice.