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Explanation:
Domestication of animals and plants is often attributed to Neolithic revolution. Neolithic revolution is used to described change from hunting gathering economy to an economy based on farming and the Technologies that included polished stone tools pottery, and weaving. According to Scholars the Neolithic evolution is as important as industrial revolution or maybe more than that because without agriculture there would never have been an industrial revolution in first place. But using the word "revolution" misleads because industrial revolution took around hundred years where is Neolithic revolution took almost 3000 to 4000 years. Where is Industrial Revolution can be attributed with inventions such as steam engine, but on the other hand domestication of plants and animals cannot be considered as invention. Infact it was a very slow and gradual process in which humans according to their needs and requirements manipulated the traits of animals and plans for their advantage. The term Neolithic was coined by Sir John Lubbock in 1865 in his book Prehistoric Times to denote an Age in which the stone implements were more varied and skilfully made and often polished. V. Gordon Childe defined the Neolithic-Chalcolithic culture as a self-sufficient food producing economy. M.C. Burkitt further outlined some characteristic features for the Neolithic culture such as the practice of agriculture, domestication of animals in terms of economic life and grinding and polishing of stone tools, and also manufacture of pottery in terms of technology. These concepts have been modified time to time with new research and archaeological evidence found at different sites all over the world. The Neolithic or New Stone Age denotes to a stage of human culture following the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods and is characterized by the use of polished stone implements, development of permanent dwellings, cultural advances such as pottery making, domestication of animals and plants, the cultivation of grain and fruit trees, and weaving. The change in the economic mode and life style from hunting/gathering/foraging to primitive farming appeared so abruptly that this overall change in human life is often referred as the “Neolithic Revolution”. Slowly in course of time, the later Neolithic periods with the discovery of smelting and the creation of copper tools have been identified as Chalcolithic period and then, cultures with bronze artefacts have been given the name or coined as Bronze Age. These developed periods with invention of different metals with developed agriculture and farming activities led to the emergence of more complex societies. All of these complex societies emerged in the fertile valleys of different river located in different parts of the globe. Some of these early groups settled in the fertile valleys of the Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Yellow, and Indus Rivers. These settlements with surplus agricultural product and trade subsequently resulted in the rise of the great civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and India.
