How did the crusades. lead to the creation of modern european nation states

One way in which the european union encourages trade among countries is through the use of

2) based on the information, which is an opinion rather than a fact about immigrants to north america? immigrants

Which environmental change allowed people to travel by land between asia and north america a. human apaption to arctic environments b. the introduction to horses to north america c. the formation of ice sheets on land d. a rise in ocean temperatures