According to Islamic Empire Cultural Achievements, “Islamic scientists were among the first to study and chart the movements of planets and stars, eclipses and the rotation of the Earth ...they were able to pinpoint their exact location on earth. This proved to be helpful for the Muslim daily ritual of prayer, facing toward Mecca

Currently, as of february 2016, an american traveling in france would be by the exchange rate. the weakness of the euro and the strength of the us dollar means that items in france cost less to an american than they otherwise would. of course, if this trend reverses and the us dollar weakens and the euro strengthens, such as was happening in early 2008, an american traveling in france would have an adverse experience because items would cost relatively more.

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