How did the Sahara and Sahel zones impact cultural exchange between East and West Africa?

(Pls help me it’s due soon)

What name is given to the money that had to be paid by germany in ww2

1. how did conditions in germany and europe at the end of world war i contribute to the rise and triumph of nazism in germany? 2. how did the german government under nazi rule build support among the german people? 3. how did nazi germany gradually isolate, segregate, impoverish, and incarcerate jews and persecute other perceived enemies of the state between 1933 and 1939? 4. how did the nazis lead germany to war in europe and, with their collaborators, kill millions—including systematically murdering six million jewish people? 5. why is learning about the holocaust important? so we don’t repeat history.

Arecent challenge to the european union created by a member state is?